Tokyo (CNN) -- Japanese utility and government authorities suffered fresh setbacks Tuesday with the detection of radiation in a fish and news that water gushing from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant into the Pacific had radiation levels more than millions of times above the regulatory limit.
Readings from samples taken Saturday in the concrete pit outside the turbine building of the plant's No. 2 reactor -- one of six at the crisis-plagued plant -- had radiation 7.5 million times the legal limits, said an official with the Tokyo Electric Power Company, which runs the plant. More recent findings showed a slight drop to 5 million times the norm.
Still, the utility company also noted Tuesday that the radiation levels diminished sharply as one moved away from the leak, consistent with their assessment that the spill might have a minimal effect on sealife.
The entire issued underlined that getting a grip on how to minimize the amount of radiation in the Pacific Ocean is the new, primary battlefront in the weeks-long crisis at the nuclear plant.
About the same time as the Tokyo Electric news, Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said the presence of radioactive iodine "in one sample of fresh fish" prompted authorities to regulate the radiation in seafood for the first time.
While fishing has been forbidden within 20 kilometers (12 miles) of Fukushima Daiichi, there had been no restrictions on seafood, as there are for some vegetables and milk from certain locales. Now, the same radiation standards that apply to vegetables will apply to ocean products as well.
"The "provisional ingestion limit, equivalent to vegetables and applied to fish and shellfish, will take effect immediately," the Cabinet minister said.
Earlier Tuesday, Edano apologized for the decision to intentionally dump 11,500 tons of radioactive water into the sea -- all part of the effort to, as soon as possible, curb the flow of the more toxic liquid spotted days ago rushing from outside the No. 2 unit.
The process of expelling contaminated water in the plant's water treatment facility and around four of its six reactors began Monday and will take five days, a Tokyo Electric official said.
"The water contains a high level of radiation," Edano said of the liquid being dumped into the Pacific. "This is a regret. We are sorry for this decision we have to make."
The most contaminated batches of this water comes from outside the No. 6 reactor, likely having gotten in via groundwater (and not a breach in the unit itself), officials said. It has a concentration of iodine-131 that would be 100 times more than the maximum amount of tap water that infants could drink, and 10 times more than what would be OK in food.
Overall, the dump equates to about 3 million gallons, notes Gary Was, a nuclear engineering professor from the University of Michigan.
Yet Hidehiko Nishiyama, an official with Japan's nuclear and industrial safety agency, said, "We've decided that discharging the contaminated water into the sea poses no major health hazard."
Experts say this is a fair assessment, given the likelihood the contamination should quickly dilute, especially if the tainted material is largely iodine-131, which loses half its radiation every eight days.
Last week, well before the dump, this isotope was measured at 4,385 times the regulatory limit at monitoring posts 330 meters (361 yards) away from the plant.
"To put this in perspective, the Pacific Ocean holds about 300 trillion swimming pools full of water, and they are going to release about five swimming pools full," said Timothy Jorgensen, chair of the radiation safety committee at Georgetown University Medical Center. "So hopefully the churning of the ocean and the currents will quickly disperse this so that it gets to very dilute concentrations relatively quickly."
John Till, president of the South Carolina-based Risk Assessment Corp., said he does not expect to see any permanent effects on marine life, even close to the plant. However, he added that officials should monitor radiation levels closely -- in the ocean as well as in seafood that reach restaurants and markets.
"What we have to watch is how these materials accumulate in food products and then could be consumed by people," Till said.
One piece of good news, according to Japanese government reports, is that airborne radiation appears to be steadily falling around northeast Japan. Two measures from 15 kilometers or less from the plant showed amounts of radioactive iodine-131 at between 2 and 3.7 times the legal standard, with levels of a far longer-lasting cesium isotope well below the official limit.
Meanwhile, a Tokyo Electric official said Tuesday that leaders of nine towns accepted their ceremonial offer of pay-outs for farmers and residents affected by the crisis.
One town, Namie, just outside the 30-kilometer "exclusion zone" turned it down.
The utility didn't detail its future compensation plans or how much money is being given out now, but Kousei Negishi -- a city manager in Namie -- said Tuesday the towns were offered 20 million yen ($238,000), which works out to about $12 per person in his city.
Also, utility and government officials have described conditions recently in the Fukushima Daiichi plant's reactors and spent nuclear fuel pools as generally stable. There have been exceptions -- like the new need to pump 3-meter deep water from a drain outside the Nos. 5 and 6 units for fear it could rise, enter nearby turbine buildings and short out power for the units' nuclear fuel cooling systems. But such problems aren't occuring at the same pace, or with the same apparent severity, as was evident weeks ago.
The top priority, however, is stopping the water that's been gushing directly into the Pacific through a cracked concrete shaft outside the No. 2 reactor. Water there has measured at least 330 times more radiation than a person in a developed nation naturally ingests in a year.
In fact, Edano said Monday that the decision to dump tainted water from other reactors and the waste water treatment facility was "unavoidable" in order to ensure "the safety" of the No. 2 reactor core.
The idea is to expeditiously pump the tainted water from around the No. 2 reactor's turbine building, lowering levels inside so that water no longer rushes out into the sea, a Japanese nuclear safety official said. This comes after two attempts failed to plug the problematic crack -- one by pouring in concrete, the other using a chemical compound mixed with sawdust and newspaper.
Reactors No. 1 and No. 3, which have lower levels of water, need to be drained as well. Tokyo Electric's plan is to pump that water to other storage tanks, including some that still need to be set up. Water in and around the Nos. 5 and 6 reactors will be jettisoned directly in the sea, officials have said.
Another big problem may be that authorities still don't know how exactly the gushing water got contaminated, where it came from, or how to fix potential leaks and cracks deep inside the reactor complex and nuclear fuel.
Michael Friedlander, a former senior U.S. nuclear engineer, claimed late Monday that authorities will continue to have problems related to excess, radioactive water -- and the need to dump some of it -- as long as they are injecting huge amounts of water, in order to prevent fuel rods from overheating in reactors' cores and spent fuel pools.
"This is not a one-off deal," Friedlander said of dumping tons of radioactive water into the ocean. "This issue of water and water management is going to plague them until they can get (fully operating) long-term core cooling."
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/04/05/japan.nuclear.reactors/index.html
Readings from samples taken Saturday in the concrete pit outside the turbine building of the plant's No. 2 reactor -- one of six at the crisis-plagued plant -- had radiation 7.5 million times the legal limits, said an official with the Tokyo Electric Power Company, which runs the plant. More recent findings showed a slight drop to 5 million times the norm.
Still, the utility company also noted Tuesday that the radiation levels diminished sharply as one moved away from the leak, consistent with their assessment that the spill might have a minimal effect on sealife.
The entire issued underlined that getting a grip on how to minimize the amount of radiation in the Pacific Ocean is the new, primary battlefront in the weeks-long crisis at the nuclear plant.
About the same time as the Tokyo Electric news, Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said the presence of radioactive iodine "in one sample of fresh fish" prompted authorities to regulate the radiation in seafood for the first time.
While fishing has been forbidden within 20 kilometers (12 miles) of Fukushima Daiichi, there had been no restrictions on seafood, as there are for some vegetables and milk from certain locales. Now, the same radiation standards that apply to vegetables will apply to ocean products as well.
"The "provisional ingestion limit, equivalent to vegetables and applied to fish and shellfish, will take effect immediately," the Cabinet minister said.
Earlier Tuesday, Edano apologized for the decision to intentionally dump 11,500 tons of radioactive water into the sea -- all part of the effort to, as soon as possible, curb the flow of the more toxic liquid spotted days ago rushing from outside the No. 2 unit.
The process of expelling contaminated water in the plant's water treatment facility and around four of its six reactors began Monday and will take five days, a Tokyo Electric official said.
"The water contains a high level of radiation," Edano said of the liquid being dumped into the Pacific. "This is a regret. We are sorry for this decision we have to make."
The most contaminated batches of this water comes from outside the No. 6 reactor, likely having gotten in via groundwater (and not a breach in the unit itself), officials said. It has a concentration of iodine-131 that would be 100 times more than the maximum amount of tap water that infants could drink, and 10 times more than what would be OK in food.
Overall, the dump equates to about 3 million gallons, notes Gary Was, a nuclear engineering professor from the University of Michigan.
Yet Hidehiko Nishiyama, an official with Japan's nuclear and industrial safety agency, said, "We've decided that discharging the contaminated water into the sea poses no major health hazard."
Experts say this is a fair assessment, given the likelihood the contamination should quickly dilute, especially if the tainted material is largely iodine-131, which loses half its radiation every eight days.
Last week, well before the dump, this isotope was measured at 4,385 times the regulatory limit at monitoring posts 330 meters (361 yards) away from the plant.
"To put this in perspective, the Pacific Ocean holds about 300 trillion swimming pools full of water, and they are going to release about five swimming pools full," said Timothy Jorgensen, chair of the radiation safety committee at Georgetown University Medical Center. "So hopefully the churning of the ocean and the currents will quickly disperse this so that it gets to very dilute concentrations relatively quickly."
John Till, president of the South Carolina-based Risk Assessment Corp., said he does not expect to see any permanent effects on marine life, even close to the plant. However, he added that officials should monitor radiation levels closely -- in the ocean as well as in seafood that reach restaurants and markets.
"What we have to watch is how these materials accumulate in food products and then could be consumed by people," Till said.
One piece of good news, according to Japanese government reports, is that airborne radiation appears to be steadily falling around northeast Japan. Two measures from 15 kilometers or less from the plant showed amounts of radioactive iodine-131 at between 2 and 3.7 times the legal standard, with levels of a far longer-lasting cesium isotope well below the official limit.
Meanwhile, a Tokyo Electric official said Tuesday that leaders of nine towns accepted their ceremonial offer of pay-outs for farmers and residents affected by the crisis.
One town, Namie, just outside the 30-kilometer "exclusion zone" turned it down.
The utility didn't detail its future compensation plans or how much money is being given out now, but Kousei Negishi -- a city manager in Namie -- said Tuesday the towns were offered 20 million yen ($238,000), which works out to about $12 per person in his city.
Also, utility and government officials have described conditions recently in the Fukushima Daiichi plant's reactors and spent nuclear fuel pools as generally stable. There have been exceptions -- like the new need to pump 3-meter deep water from a drain outside the Nos. 5 and 6 units for fear it could rise, enter nearby turbine buildings and short out power for the units' nuclear fuel cooling systems. But such problems aren't occuring at the same pace, or with the same apparent severity, as was evident weeks ago.
The top priority, however, is stopping the water that's been gushing directly into the Pacific through a cracked concrete shaft outside the No. 2 reactor. Water there has measured at least 330 times more radiation than a person in a developed nation naturally ingests in a year.
In fact, Edano said Monday that the decision to dump tainted water from other reactors and the waste water treatment facility was "unavoidable" in order to ensure "the safety" of the No. 2 reactor core.
The idea is to expeditiously pump the tainted water from around the No. 2 reactor's turbine building, lowering levels inside so that water no longer rushes out into the sea, a Japanese nuclear safety official said. This comes after two attempts failed to plug the problematic crack -- one by pouring in concrete, the other using a chemical compound mixed with sawdust and newspaper.
Reactors No. 1 and No. 3, which have lower levels of water, need to be drained as well. Tokyo Electric's plan is to pump that water to other storage tanks, including some that still need to be set up. Water in and around the Nos. 5 and 6 reactors will be jettisoned directly in the sea, officials have said.
Another big problem may be that authorities still don't know how exactly the gushing water got contaminated, where it came from, or how to fix potential leaks and cracks deep inside the reactor complex and nuclear fuel.
Michael Friedlander, a former senior U.S. nuclear engineer, claimed late Monday that authorities will continue to have problems related to excess, radioactive water -- and the need to dump some of it -- as long as they are injecting huge amounts of water, in order to prevent fuel rods from overheating in reactors' cores and spent fuel pools.
"This is not a one-off deal," Friedlander said of dumping tons of radioactive water into the ocean. "This issue of water and water management is going to plague them until they can get (fully operating) long-term core cooling."
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/04/05/japan.nuclear.reactors/index.html
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