President Saleh has faced weeks of protests calling for him to step down Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has announced plans to change the constitution to move to a parliamentary system.
In a live televised address, he said a referendum would be held this year on measures including a new election law.The pledge comes after weeks of protest against his 32-year rule have left about 30 people dead.
But opposition groups said the move had come too late and that the demands of protesters were "bigger than that".
Protesters have dismissed his earlier promise not to seek re-election after his current term ends in 2013.
State television broke regular programming to carry Mr Saleh's speech, made to a large crowd of supporters gathered in the capital, Sanaa, in which he pledged "a new initiative to avoid sedition".
Mr Saleh, who has often ruled the country by decree, promised to introduce a new constitution which would guarantee the separation of the legislative and executive branches of government.
The president said the reforms meant that a "government elected by the parliament would take control of the country's executive powers". He also announced measures to speed up decentralising power in the country.
Mr Saleh urged the opposition to join him in a unity government to draw up the new constitution, on which a referendum would be held "before the end of the year".
He said he was "already sure that this initiative won't be accepted by the opposition" but that he would let the people decide "in order to do the right thing".
Popular revolts Shortly after, opposition spokesman Mohamed Qahtan rejected the president's initiative, saying it had come too late.
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Middle East unrest: Yemen
- President Ali Abdullah Saleh in power since 1978
- Population 24.3m; land area 536,869 sq km
- The population has a median age of 17.9, and a literacy rate of 61%
- Youth unemployment is 15%
- Gross national income per head is $1,060 (World Bank 2009)
"The demands on the street go beyond that and are bigger than that," he said.
The Yemeni republic was created by the merger of North and South Yemen in 1990. Mr Saleh had led the Yemen Arab Republic - the northern part of present-day Yemen - since 1978 when he came to power in a military coup. Direct presidential elections were first held in 1999.Although nominally a multi-party system, Yemeni politics has been dominated by Mr Saleh's General People's Congress since unification.
Yemen is one of a number of countries in the North African and Middle East region that have seen increasing unrest since the presidents of Egypt and Tunisia were ousted in popular revolts.
Thousands of people have turned out for regular demonstrations in cities including Sanaa, calling for corruption and unemployment to be tackled and demanding the president steps down.
The protests have often been met by riot police or supporters of President Saleh armed with knives and batons.
Protection Two people were killed in fresh unrest on Wednesday and another mass rally is planned for Friday.
On Tuesday, security forces opened fire at a large protest outside the university in Sanaa. At least 80 people were injured, and one subsequently died of his injuries in hospital.
In his speech on Thursday, President Saleh promised to protect demonstrators.
"We have ordered the security forces to continue to provide protection for all the protesters, whether they are supporters of our legitimacy or from the opposition," he said.
The president has been power for 32 years and faces a separatist movement in the south, a branch of al-Qaeda, and a periodic conflict with Shia tribes in the north.
He has said he will not seek another term in office in 2013 but has vowed to defend his regime "with every drop of blood".
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12697077
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